An experiment was conducted to evaluate individual application efficiency and mixing herbicides of broad leaf killer on control of European bishop (Bifora testiculata) as well as traits of growth, yield and components yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) based on the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in four replications in research farm of Gonbad Kavous University in 2014-2015 growing season. Treatments included Tribenuron methyl (Granstar), Bromoxynil+MCPA (Bromicide MA ), 2, 4, D + Dicamba (Dialen super), mecoprop-p + dichloprop-p + MCPA (Duplesan super), 2, 4, D, mixing of the Tribenuron methyl with other herbicides and control (without application of herbicides and hand weeding). Results showed that effect of the various treatments of control (without application of weeds and hand weeding) and herbicides on dry matter, plant desity and total chlorophyll content of Bifora testiculata and whole measured traits of wheat were significant (p<0. 01). In the Overall, mixing herbicides had a more decrease effect on the plant desity, dry matter and total chlorophyll content of Bifora testiculata in comparison with individual application. In this study, the hieghest yield were obtained in the treatment of Tribenuron methyl along hand weeding about 3527 and 3720 Kg/h respectively. In return, the lowest yield were found in the treatment of without application of herbicides (1864 Kg/h). The mixing of Tribenuron methyl with mecoprop-p + dichloprop-p + MCPA and 2, 4, D + Dicamba caused highest negative effect on Bifora testiculata, while these treatments had a lower negative impact on seed number in spike and seed yield over individual application of them. Regarding to more efficiency effect of Tribenuron methyl in mixing with new herbicided in Bifora testiculata control and low negative effect on seed yield of wheat, to prevent herbicide resistance using individual application, it is recommended to apply Tribenuron methyl with other herbicides specialy mecoprop-p + dichloprop-p + MCPA and 2, 4, D + Dicamba in wheat field.

Background: One of the most common visceral cancers among men in the world is prostate cancer. Screening for early detection has a positive effect on patients’ survival time. Measurement of serum level of total PSA and free PSA is abundantly used for screening and diagnosis of prostate cancer. However, no study has been done to determine the relation between serum level of total PSA and free PSA/total PSA ratio with malignancy degree on biopsy samples. The aim of this study was to determine the relation of serum level of total PSA and free PSA/total PSA ratio, with malignancy degree.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study done in Alzahra Hospital during 2012-2013. We selected 85 patients with prostate cancer whose disease was detected in the pathology ward. Serum level of total PSA and free PSA were measured, and the degree of malignancy was determined by pathology ward based on the Gleason scoring system. All data was recorded in the questionnaire and entered into the computer and analyzed by SPSS software.Findings: The results of this study showed that there is 38% correlation between Gleason score and free PSA/total PSA ratio. Based on the Pearson correlation, this relation was statistically significant (P=0.037). Moreover, there is a 37% relation between serum level of total PSA and the Gleason score; this relation was statistically significant (P<0.001).Conclusion: Prostate cancer is usually detected late and biopsy is rarely accepted by patients. Moreover, serum level of total PSA and total PSA/free PSA ratio has a relation with degree of malignancy. Therefore, serum level of PSA can help patients and physicians in early detection and treatment of prostate cancer.

Background and purpose: Aim of this research is to study the effect of bridging collateral vessels (BCVS) on the success of coronary angioplasty in patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO). In coronary angioplasty of CTO cases, categorizing of lessions characteristics can be helpful in evaluation of success in angioplasty. There are controversies about the role of BCVS in the rate of angioplasty success in OTC cases.Materials and methods: Seventy seven patients with angioplasty done in CTO lesions were selected for study, and divided in two groups. In the first group comprising of 97 patients, there was BCVS, and the second group (50 patients) had no BCVS.Results: Success was achieved in 11 patients from Group II (40.7% vs 82% p=0.0002 with relative risk of 3.9, and confidence interval of 95%, (1.7 to 6.4). Of 52 patients with successful angioplasty, rate of success with estimation of less than three months occlusion was more in patients with occlusion for more than three months (63.5% vs 47.5%), p=0.0001 and relative risk of 1.8, with confidence interval of 95%, (1.3 to 2.6). Presence of a side branch at the distance of ≥ 2mm to the occlusion point has been one of the predictor factors for unsuccessful angioplasty (p=0.0007, relative risk 2.9, with confidence interval of 95%, (1.5 to 5.6).Conclusion: Presence of some morphological variables in CTO during angioplasty of coronary vessels may be helpful in guiding successful angioplasty. One of them is presence of BCVS which seems to have inverse relation to the rate of successful angioplasty.

Background: Different clinical steps, weak and ineffective bond are some of the problems of using fissure sealant in primary teeth.Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a total-etching adhesive (single bond) and a self-etching adhesive (G bond) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a light curing pit& fissure sealant with primary enamel.Methods: In this experimental study, the crowns of 10 caries-free primary molars were sectioned in a bucco-lingual direction. These 20 specimens were randomly assigned into two groups (single bond & G bond). A light curing pit & fissure sealant (Concise) was bonded to the enamel following application of each bonding system. After 24 hours, the shear bond strength was measured. The data were statistically analyzed using t-test. The failure mode was determined in a stereo microscope at×20.Findings: The shear bond strength of single bond (16.71±0.72) was higher than the G bond (9.62±1.4). There was a significant difference between the shear bond strength in two groups (p<0.05). Most failures were cohesive (80% in single bond & 90% in G bond).Conclusion: According to our data, the self-etching adhesives (G bond) are not reliable alternatives to the total-etching adhesives, if strong bond strength is needed.

Background and Aim: Dental stone type IV and V are predominantly used for construction of cast and die in fixed prosthodontics and must have some special properties. The aim of this study was to compare the three physical properties of an Iranian a German dental stone type IV.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, setting time, setting expansion and compressive strength properties were evaluated according to ADA specification No.25for Iranian Tara and German Gildand type IV dental stone. For setting time, setting expansion and compressive strength tests, Vicat apparatus, extensometer and universal testing machine were used, respectively. Data were compared to ADA specification No.25 for dental stone type IV and statistically analyzed using t-test with a 0.05 level of significance.Results: Mean of setting expansion for Iranian and German dental stone were 0.024±0.011 and 0.0245±0.009, respectively and were within the limits of ADA specification and there was no statistically significant difference between them (P=0.966). Mean of setting time for Iranian and German dental stone were 44.5±0.70 and 17.29±0.41 and mean of compressive strength for Iranian and German dental stone were 16.17±0.97 and 20.15±1.96 and both specifications were not within the limits of ADA specification, but statistically significant differences were found between groups (P<0.001).Conclusion: Iranian dental stone type IV could not fulfill 2 out of 3 tested ADA specification and modification of this stone is necessary for use in fixed prosthodontics laboratory processes.

Background: In angioplasty of chronic total occlusion categorizing lesion characteristics may be useful for their impact on procedural success. There is controversy about the role of bridging collateral vessels in chronic total occlusion procedural outcome. This study investigated the effect of bridging collateral vessels on the success of coronary angioplasty in  patients with chronic total occlusions.Methods: Seventy seven consecutive patients undergoing coronary angioplasty for chronic total occlusion were classified into two groups. Group I patients had chronic total occlusion with bridging collateral vessels (27 patients), and patients in group II had not such vessels (50 patients). Results: Procedural success was achieved in 11 patients in group I and in 41 patients in group II (40.7% vs 82%; P=0.0002; relative risk 3.9; 95% confidence interval 1.7-6.4). Of 52 patients with successful results than patients with ≥3 months (63.5% vs 47.5%; P= 0.0001; relative risk 1.8; 95% confidence interval 1.3-2.6). Presence of a side branch of ≤2mm at occlusion point was a predictor of unsuccessful result (p=0.007; relative risk 2.9;95% confidence confidence interval 1.5-5.6). Conclusion: There are some morphologic variables which may be useful in guiding angioplasty in patients with chronic total coronary occlusion . presence of bridging collateral vessels is one of them , which appear to be inversely related to procedural success.